What is TCPA (Telephone Consumer Protection Act)?

The Telephone Consumer Protection Act sets the rules for how businesses can use automated systems to call and text people. It distinguishes between informational messages, such as appointment reminders or replies to a customer's own request, and marketing messages, which generally require stronger, documented consent.

Recent rules matter for AI. In February 2024 the FCC ruled that AI-generated voices count as 'artificial' voices under the TCPA, so outbound AI voice calls need the same consent as prerecorded calls. Since April 2025, consumers can revoke consent by any reasonable means, and businesses must honor those requests within 10 business days.

For small businesses using missed-call text-back, lead follow-up or review requests, the practical steps are to message people about their own inquiries, get clear consent for marketing, honor opt-outs immediately and keep records. This is general information, not legal advice.